Risks Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Risks Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Main article: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Overview

Updated: 18-October-2024

Risks Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are also at higher risk of other disorders and complications.

These risks include:

  • Endocrine disorders
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Gestational diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Type 2 diabetes
  • Liver disease
  • Kidney stones
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Infection
  • Pregnancy complications
  • Inflammatory disorders
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Mental disorders
  • Eating disorder
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Asthma

Endocrine Disorders

Studies show that women with PCOS are at higher risk of other endocrine disorders, specifically insulin resistance (relative risk = 3.0), hypothyroidism (relative risk = 3.4), hyperprolactinaemia (relative risk = 3.15) and even acromegaly.1,2 However, not all studies support the link between PCOS and hypothyroidism or hyperprolactinaemia.3 Further studies are needed to better understand the contrary findings. Mahboobifard F, et al reported that at least 1 in 4 women with PCOS aged ≤35 years are diagnosed with hyperprolactinaemia.4 While the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may depend on ethnicity.5,6

Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, are well known causes of infertility in non-PCOS women.

Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as TSH levels between 5 and 10 mIU/L and normal FT3 and FT4 levels, was also found to be two times more prevalent in women with PCOS (44% vs. 21%).7 Current evidence suggests that obesity and insulin resistance exacerbate this disorder within an immune compromised environment.8,9 However, there is some debate around this diagnosis given other makers of thyroid dysfunction.10

In fact, women with PCOS and normal thyroid results should check their levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) to detect the onset of autoimmune thyroid disease much earlier.11

References

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